The study indicates that pharmaceutical and public health interventions remain important to protect children and young people against COVID-19. The leading cause of death (perinatal conditions) had an overall death rate of 12.7 per 100,000; COVID-19 ranked ahead of influenza and pneumonia, which together had a death rate of 0.6 per 100,000. Like many diseases, COVID-19 death rates followed a U-shaped pattern across this age-range. Nevertheless, in the pre-Delta period of the pandemic, COVID-19 still ranked as the ninth leading cause of death overall. Compared with other age-groups, the overall risk of death from COVID-19 was substantially lower in children and young people.